Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate: Highly Effective Flame Retardant in the Fire Protection Field

In the research and development of fire protection materials, Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate, with its unique flame retardant mechanism, has become a core component of industrial fire protection systems, and its applications cover the entire chain from basic material treatment to high-end fire protection equipment.

The flame retardancy of these white crystals results from a triple synergy. When the temperature reaches 190 ℃, it is the first to decompose to produce ammonia and phosphoric acid, ammonia can dilute the oxygen concentration in the combustion area, slowing down the spread of the flame; phosphoric acid is rapidly converted into polyphosphoric acid, a viscous material that can be wrapped around the surface of combustible materials to form a physical oxygen barrier. In the high temperature above 300℃, polyphosphoric acid further catalyzes the dehydration and carbonization of organic materials, and the carbon layer generated can block the heat transfer, thus realizing the progressive protection of “Flame Retardant - Thermal Insulation - Flame Suppression”. Experimental data show that the burning rate of wood samples with 20% Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate is reduced by 60%, and the carbonization depth is controlled within 5mm.

In the field of fire protection coatings, it is a key component of intumescent coatings. When the surface of construction steel is coated with coatings containing this substance, the high temperature of the fire will trigger the expansion of the coating to form a porous charcoal foam layer up to 20 times the thickness of the original coating. This foam layer not only insulates, but also reflects heat radiation, so that the steel in the 800 ℃ flame to maintain 1.5 hours does not exceed the critical temperature of 540 ℃, for the evacuation of valuable time. At present, the application rate of such coatings in high-rise steel structure buildings has reached more than 90%.

Forest firefighting emphasizes the advantages of rapid fire control. As the main component of dry powder fire extinguishing agent (content of 75%-90%), it extinguishes fires through the dual action of powder covering and chemical inhibition. When fighting brush fires, dry powder can suppress open flames within 30 seconds after spraying, and the residue can form a flame retardant barrier to prevent re-ignition. Data from a fire drill showed that the use of Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate dry powder extinguished fires eight times more efficiently than traditional sand and soil, and used 90% less water.

Fire retardant treatments for fabrics and paper also show unique value. The oxygen index of curtain fabric impregnated with the solution increased from 20% to 32%, reaching the flame retardant level; after the treatment of archive paper, it only charred but did not drip when it was exposed to fire, which could protect important documents. Its water-soluble property also facilitates subsequent recycling and processing, which is in line with the requirements of environmental protection.

From building safety to emergency rescue, Ammonium Dihydrogen Phosphate builds multi-dimensional fire barriers with chemical intelligence, becoming an important cornerstone of modern fire safety systems.

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